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Chola Temples
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Chola Temples

Chola Temples

 
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Ujjivanatha temple, Uyyakondan Tiru...

The earliest inscriptions connected with the Ujjivanatha temple at Uyyakondan Tirumalai are found on the pillars of the inner enclosure. An inscription that can definitely be attributed to Parantaka's reign is from his thirty-fourth regnal year that is 941 CE. There are subsequent inscriptions from the time of Uttama Chola (971 - 988 CE) and Sembiyan Mahadevi as well. The principal deity of this temple is called Tirukkarkkudi Paramesvarar. References: M.W. Meister and M.A. Dhaky, 1963, p. 172, S.R. Balasubrahmanyam, 1971, pp. 22-23.

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Uktavedesvara temple, Kuttalam, Tam...

The Uktavedesvara temple at Kuttalam is one of the better, bigger and architecturally one of the best-composed temples built by Sembiyan Mahadevi, seemingly before the seventh year of Rajaraja I (992 CE). Reference: M.W. Meister and M.A. Dhaky 1963, pp. 191-192.

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Uma-Mahesvara temple, Konerirajapur...

The Uma-Mahesvara temple at Konerirajapuram is a foundation of Sembiyan Mahadevi built in memory of her deceased husband, Gandaraditya during the reign of her son Uttama Chola (971 – 988 CE). The temple was built in or before 974 CE. This is a fully developed early Chola temple. The inscriptions of these temples are telling of the role of the temples in the day-to-day life of the community. The temple was not only a place of worship but was the nerve-centre of the social, political and administrative activity. An interesting feature is the existence of a panel of portraits of the king and the queen worshipping the linga and also a portrait of the architect of the temple. Some of the finest bronzes are found in the temples of Konerirajapuram other than at Tiruvenkadu. The bronze of Bhogesvari at Konerirajapuram is perhaps the earliest of Sembiyan castings. References: B. Venkataraman, 1976, pp.16-21; M.W. Meister and M.A. Dhaky, 1953, p.181, S.R. Balasubrahmanyam, 1971, pp. 165-172

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Uttamadanisvara temple, Kilattanaiy...

The Uttamadanisvara temple at Kilattanaiyam is built by Muttaraiyar Uttamadani. Although no inscription of his alias Ko-Ilango is found here, a Rajakesarivarma inscription attributable to Rajaraja Chola (985 – 1010 CE) or perhaps to Chola Gandaraditya (949 – 957 CE) is found here, that refers to the temple Uttamadanisvara. The temple’s architecture and extant sculpture are earlier than this inscription. The temple should be placed in the third quarter of the ninth century or early tenth century. Reference: M.W. Meister and M.A. Dhaky 1963, pp. 142-143.

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Uttamadanisvara temple, Kiranur, Ta...

By its style the Uttamadanisvara temple at Kiranur is a Muttaraiyar foundation. An inscription of the thirteenth year of Ko-Ilango Muttaraiyar calls the temple Uttamadanisvara, after Ko-Ilango’s alias of Uttamadani. Ko-Ilango Muttaraiyar could be the same person as Ilango Adiaraiyan alias Cattan Pudi, the builder of Vijayalaya-Colisvara. If this is indeed true then the temple belongs to the second quarter of the ninth century CE. No Chola donator inscriptions are found on this temple. Reference: M.W. Meister and M.A. Dhaky 1963, pp. 141-142.

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Uttara Kailasa temple, Tiruvaiyaru,...

Also known as Vada Kailasam (the place of five rivers), the Uttara Kailasa temple of the Pancanadisvara complex was built by Rajaraja I's (985 – 1014 CE) senior queen Danti Sakti Vitanki alias Loga Mahadevi in about 1006 CE. This temple is significant for it bears an inscription from the reign of Rajadhiraja I (1018-1054 CE), which gives a complete narration of the wars and the victories of the Chola king elucidating contemporary political events and the extent of the empire. References: M.W. Meister and M.A. Dhaky 1963, p. 231, S.R. Balasubrahmanyam, 1975, p. 89 and B. Venkataraman, 1976, pp. 85-90.

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